{"id":468,"date":"2023-10-14T23:47:33","date_gmt":"2023-10-14T21:47:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:8080\/maxblog\/?p=468"},"modified":"2023-10-16T21:15:16","modified_gmt":"2023-10-16T19:15:16","slug":"bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid\/","title":{"rendered":"Bartolom\u00e9 de Las Casas et la controverse de Valladolid"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"468\" class=\"elementor elementor-468\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7d71a4a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7d71a4a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-389cd7d\" data-id=\"389cd7d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8169f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a8169f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7643655 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7643655\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f297427\" data-id=\"f297427\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-361d80f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"361d80f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xl\">Bartolom\u00e9 de Las Casas et la controverse de Valladolid<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-de06178 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"de06178\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c8b729b\" data-id=\"c8b729b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1f07f28\" data-id=\"1f07f28\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b7c611b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b7c611b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9a7e2c2\" data-id=\"9a7e2c2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9878cc elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f9878cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;pulse&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"228\" height=\"309\" src=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Bartolome-de-Las-Casas-.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-479\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Bartolome-de-Las-Casas-.jpg 228w, https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Bartolome-de-Las-Casas--221x300.jpg 221w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 228px) 100vw, 228px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Portrait de Bartolom\u00e9 de las Casas<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fffe349 nc-justify-text elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fffe349\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid\/#Introduction\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid\/#I_Bartolome_de_Las_Casas_biographie_et_idees\" >I. Bartolom\u00e9 de Las Casas : biographie et id\u00e9es<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid\/#11_Biographie_de_Las_Casas\" >1.1. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Biographie de Las Casas<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid\/#a_Jeunesse_et_formation\" >a. Jeunesse et formation :<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid\/#b_Pretre_et_eveque\" >b. Pr\u00eatre et \u00e9v\u00eaque :<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid\/#12_Les_idees_de_Las_Casas\" >1.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Les id\u00e9es de Las Casas<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid\/#a_Critique_de_lencomienda\" >a. Critique de l&rsquo;encomienda :<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid\/#b_Levangelisation_pacifique\" >b. L&rsquo;\u00e9vang\u00e9lisation pacifique :<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid\/#II_La_controverse_de_Valladolid\" >II. La controverse de Valladolid<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid\/#21_Contexte_historique\" >2.1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Contexte historique<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid\/#a_Les_lois_de_Burgos\" >a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Les lois de Burgos :<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid\/#b_Lappel_de_Las_Casas\" >b.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L&rsquo;appel de Las Casas :<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid\/#22_Les_principaux_protagonistes\" >2.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Les principaux protagonistes<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid\/#a_Bartolome_de_Las_Casas\" >a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bartolom\u00e9 de Las Casas :<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid\/#b_Juan_Gines_de_Sepulveda\" >b.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Juan Gin\u00e9s de Sep\u00falveda :<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid\/#23_Les_arguments_du_debat\" >2.3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Les arguments du d\u00e9bat<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid\/#a_Lhumanite_des_Amerindiens\" >a. L&rsquo;humanit\u00e9 des Am\u00e9rindiens :<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid\/#b_La_legitimite_de_la_conquete\" >b. La l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de la conqu\u00eate :<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid\/#c_Levangelisation\" >c. L&rsquo;\u00e9vang\u00e9lisation :<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid\/#III_Consequences_et_heritage_de_la_controverse_de_Valladolid\" >III. Cons\u00e9quences et h\u00e9ritage de la controverse de Valladolid<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid\/#31_Labsence_de_consensus\" >3.1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L&rsquo;absence de consensus<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid\/#a_La_decision_du_debat\" >a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 La d\u00e9cision du d\u00e9bat :<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid\/#b_Les_nouvelles_lois\" >b.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Les nouvelles lois :<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid\/#32_Lheritage_de_la_controverse\" >3.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L&rsquo;h\u00e9ritage de la controverse<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid\/#a_La_prise_de_conscience_des_droits_des_Amerindiens\" >a. La prise de conscience des droits des Am\u00e9rindiens :<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid\/#b_Lemergence_du_droit_international\" >b. L&rsquo;\u00e9mergence du droit international :<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span><strong><em>Introduction<\/em> <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>La controverse de Valladolid est un d\u00e9bat historique qui a eu lieu en 1550-1551 en Espagne, opposant principalement Bartolom\u00e9 de Las Casas \u00e0 Juan Gin\u00e9s de Sep\u00falveda. Ce d\u00e9bat concernait la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de la conqu\u00eate des Am\u00e9riques par les Espagnols et le traitement des populations am\u00e9rindiennes. Dans ce cours, nous examinerons la vie et les id\u00e9es de Bartolom\u00e9 de Las Casas, ainsi que les arguments pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s lors de la controverse de Valladolid.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"I_Bartolome_de_Las_Casas_biographie_et_idees\"><\/span><strong><em>I. Bartolom\u00e9 de Las Casas : biographie et id\u00e9es<\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_Biographie_de_Las_Casas\"><\/span><strong><em>1.1. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Biographie de Las Casas<\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"a_Jeunesse_et_formation\"><\/span><strong><em>a. Jeunesse et formation :<\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>N\u00e9 en 1484 \u00e0 S\u00e9ville, Bartolom\u00e9 de Las Casas est le fils d&rsquo;un marchand. Il \u00e9tudie le droit canonique et la th\u00e9ologie \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Salamanque, avant de se rendre dans les Am\u00e9riques en 1502.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"b_Pretre_et_eveque\"><\/span><strong><em>b. Pr\u00eatre et \u00e9v\u00eaque :<\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Las Casas est ordonn\u00e9 pr\u00eatre en 1510, puis devient \u00e9v\u00eaque de Chiapas au Mexique en 1544. Il se consacre \u00e0 la d\u00e9fense des droits des Am\u00e9rindiens et \u00e0 la r\u00e9forme du syst\u00e8me colonial espagnol.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"12_Les_idees_de_Las_Casas\"><\/span><strong>1.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Les id\u00e9es de Las Casas<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"a_Critique_de_lencomienda\"><\/span><strong><em>a. Critique de l&rsquo;encomienda :<\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Las Casas critique le syst\u00e8me de l&rsquo;encomienda, qui soumet les Am\u00e9rindiens \u00e0 un travail forc\u00e9 et \u00e0 des abus. Il plaide pour l&rsquo;abolition de ce syst\u00e8me et pour l&rsquo;instauration de relations pacifiques et \u00e9quitables entre les Espagnols et les Am\u00e9rindiens.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"b_Levangelisation_pacifique\"><\/span><strong><em>b. L&rsquo;\u00e9vang\u00e9lisation pacifique :<\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Las Casas consid\u00e8re que l&rsquo;\u00e9vang\u00e9lisation des Am\u00e9rindiens doit se faire de mani\u00e8re pacifique, sans violence ni coercition, respectant leur libert\u00e9 et leur dignit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"II_La_controverse_de_Valladolid\"><\/span><strong><em>II. La controverse de Valladolid<\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"21_Contexte_historique\"><\/span><strong><em>2.1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Contexte historique<\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"a_Les_lois_de_Burgos\"><\/span><strong><em>a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Les lois de Burgos :<\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Promulgu\u00e9es en 1512, les lois de Burgos visent \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les Am\u00e9rindiens et \u00e0 r\u00e9glementer leur traitement par les colons espagnols. Cependant, ces lois ne sont pas suffisantes pour mettre fin aux abus et aux violences.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"b_Lappel_de_Las_Casas\"><\/span><strong><em>b.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L&rsquo;appel de Las Casas :<\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>En 1542, Las Casas retourne en Espagne et plaide aupr\u00e8s de l&#8217;empereur Charles Quint pour une r\u00e9forme du syst\u00e8me colonial. Cela conduit \u00e0 la convocation d&rsquo;un d\u00e9bat public sur la question, qui se tiendra \u00e0 Valladolid en 1550-1551.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"22_Les_principaux_protagonistes\"><\/span><strong><em>2.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Les principaux protagonistes<\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"a_Bartolome_de_Las_Casas\"><\/span><strong><em>a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bartolom\u00e9 de Las Casas :<\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Repr\u00e9sentant la position favorable aux Am\u00e9rindiens, Las Casas soutient que ceux-ci sont des \u00eatres humains dot\u00e9s de raison et de libert\u00e9, et qu&rsquo;ils m\u00e9ritent d&rsquo;\u00eatre trait\u00e9s avec justice et \u00e9quit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"b_Juan_Gines_de_Sepulveda\"><\/span><strong><em>b.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Juan Gin\u00e9s de Sep\u00falveda :<\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Philosophe et th\u00e9ologien espagnol, Sep\u00falveda d\u00e9fend la position selon laquelle les Am\u00e9rindiens sont naturellement inf\u00e9rieurs et destin\u00e9s \u00e0 \u00eatre soumis et \u00e9vang\u00e9lis\u00e9s par les Espagnols.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"23_Les_arguments_du_debat\"><\/span><strong><em>2.3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Les arguments du d\u00e9bat<\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"a_Lhumanite_des_Amerindiens\"><\/span><strong><em>a. L&rsquo;humanit\u00e9 des Am\u00e9rindiens :<\/em> <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Las Casas insiste sur le fait que les Am\u00e9rindiens sont des \u00eatres humains \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re, avec une capacit\u00e9 de raisonner et de choisir. Il souligne leurs r\u00e9alisations culturelles et leur organisation sociale. Sep\u00falveda, en revanche, soutient que les Am\u00e9rindiens sont inf\u00e9rieurs en raison de leurs pratiques pa\u00efennes et de leur pr\u00e9tendue incapacit\u00e9 \u00e0 gouverner.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"b_La_legitimite_de_la_conquete\"><\/span><strong><em>b. La l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de la conqu\u00eate :<\/em> <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Las Casas conteste la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de la conqu\u00eate et de la colonisation espagnoles, arguant qu&rsquo;elles sont contraires aux principes chr\u00e9tiens de justice et de charit\u00e9. Sep\u00falveda soutient que la conqu\u00eate est justifi\u00e9e pour mettre fin aux pratiques pa\u00efennes, telles que les sacrifices humains, et pour \u00e9tablir un gouvernement civilis\u00e9 et chr\u00e9tien.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"c_Levangelisation\"><\/span><em><strong>c. L&rsquo;\u00e9vang\u00e9lisation<\/strong> :<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Las Casas pr\u00f4ne une \u00e9vang\u00e9lisation pacifique et respectueuse de la libert\u00e9 religieuse des Am\u00e9rindiens. Sep\u00falveda, en revanche, consid\u00e8re que l&rsquo;\u00e9vang\u00e9lisation doit \u00eatre impos\u00e9e par la force, si n\u00e9cessaire, afin d&rsquo;amener les Am\u00e9rindiens \u00e0 la foi chr\u00e9tienne.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"III_Consequences_et_heritage_de_la_controverse_de_Valladolid\"><\/span><strong><em>III. Cons\u00e9quences et h\u00e9ritage de la controverse de Valladolid<\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"31_Labsence_de_consensus\"><\/span><strong><em>3.1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L&rsquo;absence de consensus<\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"a_La_decision_du_debat\"><\/span><strong><em>a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 La d\u00e9cision du d\u00e9bat :<\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Aucune d\u00e9cision claire n&rsquo;est prise \u00e0 la fin du d\u00e9bat de Valladolid, et les positions de Las Casas et de Sep\u00falveda continuent de coexister au sein de la politique et de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 espagnoles. b. Les nouvelles lois : N\u00e9anmoins, l&#8217;empereur Charles Quint promulgue en 1542 les \u00ab\u00a0Nouvelles Lois des Indes\u00a0\u00bb, qui visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer le traitement des Am\u00e9rindiens et \u00e0 limiter l&rsquo;encomienda. Ces lois rencontrent une forte r\u00e9sistance de la part des colons espagnols et ne sont pas pleinement appliqu\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"b_Les_nouvelles_lois\"><\/span><strong><em>b.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Les nouvelles lois :<\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>N\u00e9anmoins, l&#8217;empereur Charles Quint promulgue en 1542 les \u00ab\u00a0Nouvelles Lois des Indes\u00a0\u00bb, qui visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer le traitement des Am\u00e9rindiens et \u00e0 limiter l&rsquo;encomienda. Ces lois rencontrent une forte r\u00e9sistance de la part des colons espagnols et ne sont pas pleinement appliqu\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"32_Lheritage_de_la_controverse\"><\/span><strong><em>3.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L&rsquo;h\u00e9ritage de la controverse<\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"a_La_prise_de_conscience_des_droits_des_Amerindiens\"><\/span><strong><em>a. La prise de conscience des droits des Am\u00e9rindiens :<\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Bien que la controverse de Valladolid n&rsquo;ait pas abouti \u00e0 un consensus, elle a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 sensibiliser l&rsquo;opinion publique et les autorit\u00e9s europ\u00e9ennes aux droits des Am\u00e9rindiens et aux probl\u00e8mes pos\u00e9s par la colonisation.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"b_Lemergence_du_droit_international\"><\/span><strong><em>b. L&rsquo;\u00e9mergence du droit international :<\/em> <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>La controverse de Valladolid est \u00e9galement consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme un point de d\u00e9part pour l&rsquo;\u00e9mergence du droit international, qui cherche \u00e0 \u00e9tablir des normes et des principes pour r\u00e9guler les relations entre les nations et les peuples.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><strong><em>Conclusion<\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>En conclusion, la controverse de Valladolid a \u00e9t\u00e9 un moment crucial dans l&rsquo;histoire de la colonisation des Am\u00e9riques et des relations entre les Europ\u00e9ens et les Am\u00e9rindiens. Les id\u00e9es et les arguments de Bartolom\u00e9 de Las Casas ont influenc\u00e9 la politique coloniale espagnole, la prise de conscience des droits des peuples autochtones et l&rsquo;\u00e9mergence du droit international.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-854e1d3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"854e1d3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8392cf9\" data-id=\"8392cf9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa1f932 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"fa1f932\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-lg elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"\/cours\/histoire\/quiz\/bartolome-de-las-casas-et-la-controverse-de-valladolid-quiz\/index.php\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-check-square\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">   \u00cates-vous pr\u00eat ? Lancez le quiz !<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-071e74f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"071e74f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8c43dc4\" data-id=\"8c43dc4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa0c527 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"aa0c527\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3c0ad71 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3c0ad71\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a39de31\" data-id=\"a39de31\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-342de24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"342de24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bartolom\u00e9 de Las Casas et la controverse de Valladolid Portrait de Bartolom\u00e9 de las Casas Introduction La controverse de Valladolid est un d\u00e9bat historique qui a eu lieu en 1550-1551 en Espagne, opposant principalement Bartolom\u00e9 de Las Casas \u00e0 Juan Gin\u00e9s de Sep\u00falveda. Ce d\u00e9bat concernait la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de la conqu\u00eate des Am\u00e9riques par les [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_canvas","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,5],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/468"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=468"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/468\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":488,"href":"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/468\/revisions\/488"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=468"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=468"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.maxdecours.com\/maxblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=468"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}